【正文】 
　　在英语标点符号中，逗号使用频率高，用法复杂，是高考英语考查热点。定位逗号，分析其前后句子成分是解题关键。下面以逗号的主要用法为切入点，探讨如何以逗号为突破口，巧解三类高考英语试题。
　　一、逗号的主要作用
　　1.分割并列的句子成分
　　逗号分割三个或三个以上并列的主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
　　a. Alice, Jane and I are going to have a picnic tomorrow. 
　　b. Tom got up, washed and hurried to school this morning.
　　c. My little sister is fond of singing, dancing and drawing.
　　d. He is a very handsome, warm-hearted and easygoing man.
　　e. Please read slowly, loudly and clearly.
　　f. He noticed his son running, laughing, and singing on the grass.
　　2.分割并列句
　　并列句中，逗号分割两个或两个以上独立的句子，并由连词连接。常见连词有and, but, or, so等.
　　a. She had plenty of money, and she donated a part to society.
　　b. We were tired, but the teacher asked us to continue working. 
　　c. Get up early, or you will miss the bus.
　　d. The shop is closed, so I didn’t get any milk.
　　3.分割从句和主句
　　逗号分割状语从句，非限制性定语从句和主句
　　a. Where there is a will, there is a way.
　　b. Although he was poor, she was willing to marry him.
　　c. The old man has three sons, all of whom are doctors.    
　　d. As is shown in the report, the air quality has improved over the past two months.
　　4. 分割非谓语动词和句子
　　逗号分割现在分词，过去分词，动词不定式和句子。
　　a. Working in the street, I saw my old friend.
　　b. They stood there, waiting for the bus.
　　c. Seen from the top of the mountain, the park looks very beautiful.
　　d. She stood there silently, moved into tears.
　　e. To catch the first bus, she got up very early today.
　　f. I hurried to the station, only to be told that the train had left.
　　5.分割副词,同位语, 独立主格结构,介词短语和句子
　　常见副词：however, therefore, furthermore, besides, otherwise, luckily, unfortunately, actually, frankly, obviously, certainly
　　a. I would like to go; However, I think I would better not.
　　b. Actually, all languages change and develop all the time.
　　c. His only interest in his life, playing basketball, has brought him many friends.
　　d. Time permitting, we are going to see a film.
　　e. In China, those knots stand for friendship and love.
　　二、利用逗号，巧解阅读题
　　1.省略逗号中间内容，简化长难句，确定答案
　　长难句是高考英语阅读的最大障碍。熟知逗号作用，简化长难句，快速提取句子主干是准确理解句意的最佳方法。下面以2016年高考英语北京卷阅读理解A篇57题为例。
　　57. As for the working environment, Tanis prefers______.
　　A. dealing with the public
　　B. working by herself
　　C. competing against others
　　D. staying with ADHD students
　　部分原文：Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public, I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to.
　　定位逗号中间内容，排除A。去掉前两个逗号中间内容，句子简化为I spent all my time looking for a job where I could work alone，job是一个表示地点的抽象名词，where 引导定语从句修饰job, 因此答案选B。
　　2. 定位逗号中间内容，猜测词义
　　猜测词义题是阅读理解中必考题，一般难度较大。有时生词后有其解释说明内容，逗号将其与句子其他部分隔开，因此可以定位逗号中间内容来猜测词义。下面以2014年江西高考英语阅读D篇71题为例。
　　71. The underlined word “gadgets” is closest in meaning to___.
　　A. tools       B. messages      C. barriers    D. skills
　　部分原文：With the communication gadgets, such as mobile phones and iPads, people often do not take the effort to visit one another personally.定位两个逗号中间部分，mobile phones and iPads是gadgets的同位语，是对gadgets的解释说明，mobile phones and iPads是交流工具，因此答案选A。
　　三、利用逗号，巧解语法填空题
　　以一个完整的句子为单位，逢逗号，判断逗号前后成分，确定答案。下面以往年高考语法填空题为例。
　　1. （2016年全国卷Ⅰ）But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ________ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
　　逗号把长难句分为两部分，其后是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是the mid-1980s且在定语从句中作时间状语，因此填关系副词when。 
　　2.（2016年全国卷Ⅱ）It could be anything——gardening, cooking, music, sports—— but whatever it is, ________(make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
　　But后面是一个whatever引导的让步状语从句，逗号将从句和主句隔开，由此可知逗号后是主句——一个以动词原形开头的祈使句，因此填make。
　　3.（2016年全国卷Ⅲ）In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, ________ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
　　逗号分隔四个名词且表并列关系，最后两项应加并列连词，因此填and。
　　4.（2016年全国卷Ⅲ）People probably cooked their food in large pots, ________ (use) twigs to remove it.
　　逗号前是一个简单句，后面是非谓语，use与其逻辑主语people构成主动关系，现在分词作伴随状语，因此填using。
　　5. （2016年四川高考题）It was time for her to have a new baby, ________ it was also time for the young panda to be dependent.
　　两个简单句被逗号分开，且表并列关系，因此填and。
　　6. （2015年广东高考试题）________（lucky），he also had a cow which produced milk every day.
　　一般单个副词位于句首作状语，修饰整个句子。副词与句子用逗号隔开，因此填Luckily。
　　四、利用逗号，巧解改错题
　　通读全文，了解文章大意和行文逻辑，注意逗号的提示作用，分析句子结构。下面以往年高考改错题为例体会逗号在解题过程中的关键作用。
　　1. （2016年四川高考题）Mom has a full-time job, so she has to do most of the housework.
　　逗号将两个简单句分开，根据句意，前后两句表转折关系，因此将so改为but。
　　2. （2014年全国卷Ⅱ）We can live on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening music. 
　　逗号和or连接两个简单句，前后句子在时态上应保持一致，因此将sat改为sit。
　　3. （2013年全国卷Ⅱ）Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch
　　and dinner, that might not be served until 8 o’clock at night. 
　　逗号后是非限制性定语从句，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。指代Having tea in the late afternoon且作主语, 因此将that改为which。
　　4.（2013年浙江高考试题）Good night and remember, you, dear diary, is my only souvenir from my past life and my only friend. 
　　两个逗号将同位语dear diary与句子其他成分隔开，将其省略，句子主语是you，因此将is改为are。
　　5.（2013年辽宁高考试题）With little sleep and hardly any sleep, so he works from morning till night. 
　　介词短语作状语，逗号将其与一个简单句隔开，so连接并列句，因此去掉so。
　　6.（2012年辽宁高考试题） Unfortunate, the only problem was the journey home.
　　副词位于句首作状语修饰整个句子，逗号将其与句子隔开，因此将Unfortunate改为Unfortunately。
　　7.（2011年辽宁高考试题）Follow this explanation, there was a rapid drop in the number of reported sightings. 
　　逗号之前是非谓语，follow与其逻辑主语a rapid drop是主动关系，因此将follow改为following。
　　逗号不但可以帮助扫除长难句上的理解障碍，而且在解答语法填空题和改错题时有着明显的提示功能。因此，英语教师应反复强调逗号在英语句子中的作用，学生熟知逗号作用，准确判断句子结构，降低理解难度，提高答题正确率。
　　参考文献：
　　[1] 邱建旭.逗号在句子中的作用[J].语数外学习, 2013 (12): 70-70.
　　[2] 张愿域，张春英.准确分析“逗号”用法，解好高考题[J].教育教学探讨,2013(8):147-148.